SDL, raylib
[SDL3] Particle 파티클 (Fireworks/Snow)
J-sean
2025. 4. 18. 20:50
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픽셀 파티클 시스템을 만들어 보자.
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#define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS 1
#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
#include <stdio.h>
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
SDL_Renderer* renderer = NULL;
int screen_width = 640;
int screen_height = 480;
float speed = 0.001f;
Uint64 start;
Uint64 end;
float fps = 3000;
typedef struct {
float x, y;
float vx, vy;
int life;
} s_particle;
const int number_particles = 100;
s_particle particles[number_particles];
void spawn_particle(s_particle* pt) {
pt->x = SDL_randf() * screen_width;
pt->y = SDL_randf() * screen_height;
pt->vx = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1) * speed;
pt->vy = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1) * speed;
// '* 2 - 1' 의 의미: 음의 방향으로도 움직이기 위해서.
pt->life = (int)fps + SDL_rand((int)fps * 2);
}
void draw_particle(s_particle pt[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
s_particle* particle = &pt[i];
particle->x += particle->vx;
particle->y += particle->vy;
particle->life--;
if (particle->life <= 0)
spawn_particle(particle);
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 255, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderPoint(renderer, particle->x, particle->y);
}
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[])
{
SDL_SetAppMetadata("Example", "1.0", "sean");
if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("examples/renderer/clear", screen_width, screen_height, 0, &window, &renderer)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
spawn_particle(&particles[i]);
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void* appstate, SDL_Event* event)
{
switch (event->type) {
case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
printf("Key pressed: %s\n", SDL_GetKeyName(event->key.key));
if (event->key.key == SDLK_ESCAPE)
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
break;
default:
break;
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
{
// FPS 계산. 사용하지는 않음.
start = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
{
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
draw_particle(particles);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
end = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
fps = 1.0f / ((end - start) / (float)SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency());
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult result)
{
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
}
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위 코드에서는 FPS를 설정하지 않고 시스템의 CPU 속도에 맞게 speed 변수를 적당히 조절했다. FPS 설정이 필요하면 아래 링크를 참고한다.
2025.04.22 - [C, C++] - [SDL] Framerate Per Second FPS
이번엔 불꽃놀이 파티클을 만들어 보자.
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#define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS 1
#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
#include <stdio.h>
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
SDL_Renderer* renderer = NULL;
int screen_width = 640;
int screen_height = 480;
float speed = 3.0f;
float fps = 60;
typedef struct {
float x, y;
float vx, vy;
SDL_Color color;
int life;
bool exist;
} s_particle;
const int number_particles = 1000;
s_particle particles[number_particles];
SDL_Point spawn_point;
void spawn_particle(s_particle* pt) {
pt->exist = true;
pt->x = spawn_point.x;
pt->y = spawn_point.y;
float x = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1);
float y = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1);
float n = SDL_sqrtf(x * x + y * y);
// 벡터 정규화. 불꽃이 원형으로 퍼져나가기 위해.
// '* 2 - 1' 의 의미: 음의 방향으로도 움직이기 위해.
pt->vx = (x / n) * speed * SDL_randf();
pt->vy = (y / n) * speed * SDL_randf();
pt->color.r = SDL_rand(256);
pt->color.g = SDL_rand(256);
pt->color.b = SDL_rand(256);
pt->life = (int)fps + SDL_rand((int)fps * 0.5f);
}
void draw_particle(s_particle pt[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
s_particle* particle = &pt[i];
if (particle->exist) {
particle->x += particle->vx;
particle->y += particle->vy;
particle->life--;
if (particle->life <= 0) {
particle->exist = false;
continue;
}
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, particle->color.r, particle->color.g, particle->color.b, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderPoint(renderer, particle->x, particle->y);
}
}
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[])
{
SDL_SetAppMetadata("Example", "1.0", "sean");
if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("examples/renderer/clear", screen_width, screen_height, 0, &window, &renderer)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void* appstate, SDL_Event* event)
{
switch (event->type) {
case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
case SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN:
if (event->button.button == 1) { // 왼쪽 버튼 클릭. 오른쪽 버튼은 3.
printf("x: %f, y: %f\n", event->button.x, event->button.y);
spawn_point.x = event->button.x;
spawn_point.y = event->button.y;
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++)
spawn_particle(&particles[i]);
}
break;
case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
printf("Key pressed: %s\n", SDL_GetKeyName(event->key.key));
if (event->key.key == SDLK_ESCAPE)
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
break;
default:
break;
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
{
SDL_Delay(1000 / fps);
{
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
draw_particle(particles);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult result)
{
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
}
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이번엔 픽셀이 아닌 비트맵 이미지로 파티클 시스템을 만들어 보자.
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#define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS 1
#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
#include <stdio.h>
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
SDL_Renderer* renderer = NULL;
int screen_width = 640;
int screen_height = 480;
float speed = 0.01f;
Uint64 start;
Uint64 end;
float fps = 3000;
typedef struct {
float x, y;
float vx, vy;
int life;
} s_particle;
const int number_particles = 200;
s_particle particles[number_particles];
// 파티클 이미지 텍스쳐와 렉트
SDL_Texture* texture;
SDL_FRect rect;
void spawn_particle(s_particle* pt) {
pt->x = SDL_randf() * screen_width;
pt->y = SDL_randf() * screen_height;
pt->vx = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1) * speed;
pt->vy = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1) * speed;
// '* 2 - 1' 의 의미: 음의 방향으로도 움직이기 위해서.
pt->life = (int)fps + SDL_rand((int)fps * 2);
}
void draw_particle(s_particle pt[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
s_particle* particle = &pt[i];
particle->x += particle->vx;
particle->y += particle->vy;
particle->life--;
if (particle->life <= 0)
spawn_particle(particle);
// 텍스쳐 그리기
rect.x = particle->x - rect.w / 2;
rect.y = particle->y - rect.h / 2;
SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, texture, NULL, &rect);
//SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
//SDL_RenderPoint(renderer, particle->x, particle->y);
}
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[])
{
SDL_SetAppMetadata("Example", "1.0", "sean");
if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("example", screen_width, screen_height, 0, &window, &renderer)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
spawn_particle(&particles[i]);
}
// 비트맵 로드
SDL_Surface* bmpSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("snow.bmp");
if (!bmpSurface) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't load BMP: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
// 컬러키(투명) 설정
SDL_SetSurfaceColorKey(bmpSurface, true, SDL_MapSurfaceRGB(bmpSurface, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
//SDL_SetSurfaceColorKey(bmpSurface, true, SDL_MapRGB(SDL_GetPixelFormatDetails(bmpSurface->format), NULL, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
rect = { 0, 0, (float)bmpSurface->w, (float)bmpSurface->h };
texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, bmpSurface);
SDL_DestroySurface(bmpSurface);
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void* appstate, SDL_Event* event)
{
switch (event->type) {
case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
printf("Key pressed: %s\n", SDL_GetKeyName(event->key.key));
if (event->key.key == SDLK_ESCAPE)
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
break;
default:
break;
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
{
// FPS 계산. 사용하지는 않음.
start = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
{
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
draw_particle(particles);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
end = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
fps = 1.0f / ((end - start) / (float)SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency());
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult result)
{
SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
}
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이번엔 진짜 눈처럼 내리는 환경을 만들어 보자.
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#define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS 1
#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
#include <stdio.h>
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
SDL_Renderer* renderer = NULL;
int screen_width = 640;
int screen_height = 480;
Uint64 start;
Uint64 end;
float fps;
typedef struct {
float x, y;
float vx, vy;
} s_particle;
const int number_particles = 400;
s_particle particles[number_particles];
// 파티클 이미지 텍스쳐와 렉트
SDL_Texture* texture;
SDL_FRect rect;
void spawn_particle(s_particle* pt) {
pt->x = (SDL_randf() * 2 - 1) * screen_width * 10;
pt->y = SDL_randf() * screen_height * -2;
// 넓은 범위에서 눈이 생성되게 해서 실행 초기에 눈이 쏟아져 내리는걸 방지.
pt->vx = SDL_randf() * 0.5f; // 눈은 오른쪽으로만 흩날린다.
pt->vy = SDL_randf() + 0.8f;
}
void draw_particle(s_particle pt[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
s_particle* particle = &pt[i];
particle->x += particle->vx;
particle->y += particle->vy;
// 눈이 화면 왼쪽에서도 바람에 날려 올 수 있도록 생존 범위 조정.
if (particle->x > screen_width || particle->x < -screen_width || particle->y > screen_height)
spawn_particle(particle);
// 텍스쳐 그리기
rect.x = particle->x - rect.w / 2;
rect.y = particle->y - rect.h / 2;
SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, texture, NULL, &rect);
//SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
//SDL_RenderPoint(renderer, particle->x, particle->y);
}
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[])
{
SDL_SetAppMetadata("Example", "1.0", "sean");
if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_RENDER_VSYNC, "1");
// A variable controlling whether updates to the SDL screen surface should be synchronized
// with the vertical refresh, to avoid tearing.
if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("example", screen_width, screen_height, 0, &window, &renderer)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
for (int i = 0; i < number_particles; i++) {
spawn_particle(&particles[i]);
}
// 비트맵 로드
SDL_Surface* bmpSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("snow.bmp");
if (!bmpSurface) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't load BMP: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
// 컬러키(투명) 설정
SDL_SetSurfaceColorKey(bmpSurface, true, SDL_MapSurfaceRGB(bmpSurface, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
//SDL_SetSurfaceColorKey(bmpSurface, true, SDL_MapRGB(SDL_GetPixelFormatDetails(bmpSurface->format), NULL, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
rect = { 0, 0, (float)bmpSurface->w, (float)bmpSurface->h };
texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, bmpSurface);
SDL_DestroySurface(bmpSurface);
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void* appstate, SDL_Event* event)
{
switch (event->type) {
case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
printf("Key pressed: %s\n", SDL_GetKeyName(event->key.key));
if (event->key.key == SDLK_ESCAPE)
return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
break;
default:
break;
}
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
{
// FPS 계산. 사용하지는 않음.
start = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
{
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
draw_particle(particles);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
end = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
fps = 1.0f / ((end - start) / (float)SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency());
return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
}
void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult result)
{
SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
}
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이번엔 배경이 투명한 윈도우를 만들어 보자.
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...
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[])
{
...
if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("example", screen_width, screen_height, SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT | SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS, &window, &renderer)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
...
}
...
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
{
start = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
{
//SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
draw_particle(particles);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
...
}
...
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윈도우 생성시 SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT | SDL_WINDOW_BOARDERLESS 옵선을 주고 SDL_SetRenderDrawColor() 호출을 삭제하면 투명한 배경의 윈도우를 만들 수 있다.
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...
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[])
{
...
if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("example", screen_width, screen_height, SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT | SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS | SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN, &window, &renderer)) {
SDL_Log("Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
}
SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
...
}
...
SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
{
start = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
{
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
draw_particle(particles);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
...
}
...
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아니면 위 코드와 같이 바꿔도 투명한 배경의 윈도우를 만들 수 있다. 위 코드의 경우 SDL_SetRendererDrawColor()의 r, g, b, a 값을 바꾸면 반투명하면서 색이 있는 배경의 윈도우를 만들 수 있다.
예) SDL_SetRendererDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 128); // 약간 어두운 투명 배경
SDL_SetRendererDrawColor(renderer, 128, 0, 0, 128); // 약간 붉은 투명 배경
만약 전체 화면으로 만들고 싶다면 아래 내용을 추가(변경)하면 된다.
1. #include <Windows.h>
2. int screen_width = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
int screen_height = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
3. SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("example", screen_width, screen_height, SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT | SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS | SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN, &window, &renderer)
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